High pressure suspension mill structure and working principle:

High pressure suspension mill working principle:
Inner high pressure suspension grinding mill, grinding roller hanger fixed 1000-1500kgs high pressure spring pressure. After start working, grinding roller rotation embrace around main shaft and under high pressure spring and centrifugal force function, roller cling grinding ring, under the same power condition, rolling pressure compared with raymond mill higher 1.2times. So, it's working capacity is improved greatly. After grinded material flow into grinding chamber, feed between grinding roller and grinding ring to press by blade. After grinded, powder along with blower recirculating air flow into analyzer. Qualified fine powder along with airflow to cyclone powder collector and get final products, big size granule re-falling to grinding chamber to grind. Recirculating air return blower repeat above process, remaining wind will flow to bag dust collector to purification. After high pressure suspension grinding mill grinding roller and grinding ring achieve a certain abrassion, adjust high pressure spring length, keep grinding roller and grinding ring constant pressure to make sure stable production capacity and fineness.
High pressure suspension mill structure introduction:
High pressure suspension grinding mill composed by main host, fineness analyzer, blower, final products cyclone powder collector, bag dust collector and airflow pipeline connection, etc. According to clients needs, it can equip crusher, elevator, silo, electric-vibration feeder and power distribution cabinet, etc. In the main host, grinding roller subassembly through cross arm shaft suspension on the grinding hanger, grinding roller hanger and main shaft blade frame keep fix connection, pressure spring outward grinding roller bearing chamber cantilever, put cross arm shaft as supporting point compel grinding roller tightenly press on grinding ring surface, when motor through driving device drive main shaft rotation, blade and grinding roller synchronous revolution, at the same time, grinding roller in grinding ring revolve on its axis. High pressure roller mill motor through driving device drive analyzer impeller rotation, the more the impeller rotation speed, the finer the separated powder.

How to improve raymond mill powder discharging capacity:

Raymond grinding mill is nowadays the most common industrial one of powder making equipment. The machine discharging capacity directly effect the whole project efficiency, you can find raymond mill production efficiency effects, for improve powder discharging capacity and each enterprise is very important, thus, henan kefan engineer summarizes the following tips to discuss;
Effect raymond mill discharging capacity factors:
Material too hard; harder material using raymond roller mill to grind is more difficult, and is more serious to abrassion the equipment, the machine working with slow speed, of course, with small capacity.
Material moisture: when material with big moisture, material is easy adhere to the raymond mill and easy to be blocked during discharging process, lead to working capacity reduced.
Raymond grinding mill output products fineness: high fineness requirement, the required raymond mill output material finer, the smaller working capacity.
Material compose: before grinding, more finer powder will have bigger effect on raymond mill, as these fine powder will easy adhere to conveying. For raw material with too much fine powder, you should screening once time before feeding to the machine.
Material viscosity: material with bigger viscosity will easy adhere to the machine.
Raymond mill spare parts(hammerhead, jaw board) with good wearable properties, the machine working with bigger capacity, if the spare parts is easy abrassion will effect working capacity.
Solve methods:
1. Raymond roller mill forward add fine crusher;
2. Improve powder grinding system, improve powder grinding effect;
3. Add high efficiency powder separator;
4. Check and adjust powder locker sealings, replace new blade;
5. After clean the airflow pipeline material, re-discharging again.

Why raymond roller mill can used in kaolin field?

Recently years, with kaolin develop, it is widely used in many other industrials, such as paper making, coating, plastic rubber cable, ceramic, chemical, cement, refractory material and agriculture and so on. Some high new technical industrial has already using big amount of kaolin as new material, even the high temperature resistant ceramic spare parts, also made of kaolin.

Our country has rich kaolin resource, total reserve ore 14.7 one hundred million tons. Kaolin firing process needs too many equipments, but the main equipments is raymond grinding mill, especially high pressure raymond mill, process 400mesh kaolin, general raymond grinding mill can do it, but process 1200mesh kaolin, needs ultrafine raymond mill or high pressure micro-powder mill.

Among raymond mill spare parts, main important three spare parts: pipeline, reducer and main bearing. 1. Raymond roller mill pipeline function is supporting and airflow, high requires of pipeline durable material; 2. According to ideal reduction ratio to select reducer; 3. The most important one is bearings, if using defective products will effect production efficiency.

High pressure mill & high pressure suspension mill comparative:

High pressure grinding mill uses a sophisticated high-pressure system, it can extend the equipment operation life, in equal measure to increase the capacity of the grinding equipment.
High pressure grinding mill and high pressure roller mill similarities are high-pressure spring between the roller and plum, which enhances the force between roller and ring. High pressure grinding mill is with high screening rates, reduced material needed to be re-grinded, saving time and energy.
Differences: after high pressure suspension grinding mill starting, the mill roller rotates around the spindle, and scrolls clinging the mill ring under centrifugal force and high pressure spring, and its scroll pressure is 1.2 times of Raymond mill in the equal power conditions. after material entering into the cavity of high pressure suspension grinding mill, material will be grinded by mill roller and mill ring, the grinded powder will be entered into the analysis machine with blower, finally, qualified fine powder will be entered into cyclone powder collector with airflow and be finished products.
Many more technology informations of high pressure mill and high pressure suspension mill please contact us at all times, detail informations we will give you best discount!!!

How to determine raymond mill scrapped standard?

Each equipment has it's specific using cycle time, raymond roller mill as machinery industrial common equipment, after a period of outside working time, often suffering wind and rain will accelerate raymond grinding mill inner some parts abrasion. Raymond mill for sale wearing parts main content blower, motor, reducer, reducer gear, grinding equipment, plum frame, grinding roller and analysis machien and so on. But 90% of them are raymond grinding mill wearing parts when working. If it often working under this condition will lead to the machine often happen faults. The followings are main parts scrapped standards:

1. When raymond grinding mill bearing bush abrasion bigger than 1/3 thickness, you should replace bearing bush.
2. When tooth ring wheel edge twisting degree variable line amount more than 7.5mm, you should replace it.
3. When big tooth ring tooth surface abrasion more than 25% tooth thickness, pinion abrasion low than 30% tooth thickness, it can inverted face using, when abrasion degree achieve 50%, it is scrapped.
4. Two bearing seats process surface should at the same horizontal line, hollow shaft outer surface produce groove, mark, crack, it should be replaced.
Although raymond roller mill has many manufacturers, the spare parts are casted durable materials. But even the strong material has a scrapped day, only when raymond grinding mill production process, make much more maintenance working, when spare parts abrasion to can't do normal working, replace in time, thus to make sure raymond mill production efficiency!

What technical advantages do high pressure grinding mill have?

1. High reliable property, high pressure grinding mill has advanced compact structure, the most important factor is new technology ubiquitous and using plum frame and vertical swing grinding roller device. Make high pressure mill during working process with low vibration, at the same time with low noise. As the machine have plum frame and vertical swing grinding roller device, so, when high pressure mill has stable working and stable property.
2. Adopt advanced grinding system, high pressure grinding mill has recently the most advanced grinding system, making the machine realized intelligent. In grinding system, high pressure mill configurate vertical swing grinding roller device, thus, when grinding roller and grinding ring working time keep a balance condition, form regulat uniform line contact grinding area.

Powder grinding mill equipments like high pressure grinding mill can lift grinding roller and grinding ring height, increase grinding contact area, at the same time airflow capacity and final products collect system become negative pressure and secondary high working efficiency dust collector, thus thorough collect final products. Adopt enforce turbine classifier, making final products size from organic 80-325 mesh range expand to 80-800 range.

High pressure roller mill application and working principle:

High pressure suspension grinding mill main used to process metallurgy, construction material, chemical, mine and other industrial material powder grinding, can grind limestone, marble, calcite, feldspar, sand slag, dolomite, granite, iron ore, clay, kaolin and other mohs hardness low than 9.3, wet humidity low than 10% non-flammable, non-explosive materials.

High pressure suspension grinding mill structure: main host, analyzer, pipeline device, blower, jaw crusher, bucket elevator, electric vibrating feeder, electric control device and motor, etc. Main host inner structure: plum frame, vertical axle-bearing, balde, blade barrel, grinding roller assembly and other device. Main host working process through transmission device drive center shaft rotation, shaft top connect plum frame, frame top install grinding roller assembly and form swing pivot. Plum frame bottom install blade system, the position located grinding roller bottom port, during blade and grinding roller co-rotating process, feeding raw material between grinding roller and grinding ring, form cushion material layer, the layer suffering grinding roller rotation produced centrifugal force(extrusion force) grinding raw material and achieve powder making goal.

When using high pressure suspension grinding mill, if raw material too big, you can use PE250*400 jaw crusher, after coarse crush, output material transport to silo by elevator, then through vibrating feeder feeding to high pressure suspension mill uniform. Generally, we using D200*7m standard configurate elevator, and we can also making improve according to clients different requirements. High pressure roller mill final products size can be adjust from 30 mesh to 350 mesh according to actual condition to adjust and different fineness determined different production capacity.

High pressure suspension mill grinding chamber shape and liner abrasion relationship:

For powder grinding mill machine, different powder grinding chamber determined different liner abrasion condition for the same kind powder grinding mill.

High pressure suspension grinding mill grinding chamber abrasion has the following analysis:
a. During high pressure roller mill start working process, transport to the machine parallel zone will stack too much raw material at the feed opening, later will decrease sharply. Thus, parallel area suffering strong abrasion and high pressure suspension mill working several day, parallel area will be change gradually.
b. With liner board abrasion and powder grinding chamber layout change degree, along the powder grinding chamber height grinded raw material with uniform distribution. In liner limit abrasion range all the machine exist grinding chamber layout size change condition, especially later period hasn't parallel area, the whole grinding chamber completel lost organic layout. Besides, feed opening size about decrease 1.4-1.7 times, feed opening processed the most raw material. As without parallel area make output products with bad quality, the production capacity will be decrease.

In a word, as high pressure suspension mill uneven liner abrasion, powder grinding chamber will lost organic shape, lead to liner with lower using life and decrease technical economical standards.

What's raymond mill plum frame function and deform reason?

Plum frame is raymond mill main spare parts, plum frame generally adopt high hardness, good wear resistance material made, such as hard nickel-iron, high chromium cast iron, high manganese steel, etc. In addition to plum frame raw materi, manufacturer and process method are also important, for example, hard nickel-iron rollet sleeve using metal mold or centrifugal casted, hardness is 700HB, using sand mold casted hardness is 500HB. Plum frame position: grinding roller connect plum frame. Plum frame bottom is blade barrel, blade barrel fixed on plum frame, raymond grinding mill main host bottom have a big recoil bearing, so, raymond mill main shaft won't fall off, plum frame at main shaft top and be fixed.

Generally condition, as long as raymond mill normal working, there is no hard material fall into the grinding area and stumble main shaft, plum frame won't be deform. Raymond mill main host through transmission device drive center shaft rotation, center shaft top connect plum frame, roller shaft installed on the plum frame, plum frame drive by main host transmission device and fast rotation, grinding ring fixed, electric vibrating feeder make raw material fixed quantity, uniform and continous feeding to grinding chamber, grinded by grinding roller and grinding ring force. As airflow from grinding ring bottom tangentially inhalation, through grinding roller and grinding ring grinding area, inclusion powder dust feeding raymond mill top wind classifier. Plum frame top installed three grinding roller, not only revolving around the central axis, but also grinding roller itself due to friction rotation. Thus, through friction and raw mateiral sedimentary lead to plum frame unstable working.
Henan kefan produce raymond mill equipment: raymond grinding mill, ultrafine micro-powder mill, ball mill, high pressure suspension grinding mill, etc. Contact us for discount!

High pressure suspension mill detail informations:

The high pressure suspension mill is used to grind materials of construction, mining, metallurgy and chemical industry.
High pressure suspension mill raw materials and products properties:
The materials should be non-flammable and non-explosive. Examples of the materials are: quartz, feldspar, barite, fluorite, dolomite, garnet, carborundum, bauxite, zircon, marble, calcite, iron ore, rock phosphate, coal, ceram, slag and so on (400 kinds of materials).
The materials should have the hardness less than 9.3 in Moh’s scale and humidity less than 6 percent. The granularity of the end products can be changed from 30 to 425 meshes.

High pressure suspension mill features:
1. Unique design, widely applications. Compared to other mills with the same power, the production capacity of is increased 20-30%;
2. Eco-friendly. Dust cleaning can fully meet national standards.
3. Good airtightness. The grinding rollers apply the overlapping and multi-level air protection to make sure the efficiency and long working life;
4. Low operation cost. The wearing parts apply high quality materials to lengthen the grinding rollers and rings' working life. And also decrease the customers' investment cost;
5. Increase the wearing parts utilization. To make sure stable productions capacity and output fineness, customers can adjust high-pressure spring length and keep the invariable pressure between grinding rollers and rings.

High pressure suspension mill working principle:
High pressure suspension mill and raymond mill have the same working principle. When the machine works, the grinding roller, under the action of high pressure spring and centrifugal force, rolls close up to grinding ring, its rolling pressure is 1.2 times higher than that of raymond mill. When the grinding roller and grinding ring reach a certain degree of abrasion by adjusting the length of high-pressure springs to keep the constant grinding pressure between grinding roller and grinding ring, stable output capacity and fineness are guaranteed.

How does raymond grinding mill grinding tooth incline degree form?

Grinding roller is powder grinding mill important part, grinding roller grinding tooth incline degree has critical role on products quality, outlet powder rate and grinding roller using life. General raymond grinding mill grinding tooth incline degree is the two grinding roller opposite rotation and press raw material, if grinding tooth has no incline degree, high speed and low speed roller grinding tooth will parallel to each other, when grinding, between two roller will appear unstable, wrong joggle phenomenon, like this, it's difficult to cut raw material to filamentous, at the same time, grinding roller will produce vibration and influence grinding effect. Raymond grinding mill grinding tooth should not only have incline degree, but also should be right installed.

Raymond grinding mill two roller grinding tooth at grinding area both side, relative to material form many crosspoint, under grinding roller rolling distance smaller than raw material formed coverage length condition, raw mateiral at crosspoint suffering bigger shear force. When raymond grinding mill grinding area with many crosspoint, grinding area material suffering shear force average chance will increase, equipment crushing ability will increase.

Under other same condition, big incline degree produce many more crosspoint in grinding area, material in raymond grinding mill grinding area will suffering stronger crushing degree, fragile cortex, bad products quality and low energy consumption. But to meet low energy consumption requirements, it should select bigger incline degree.
Raymond grinding mill grinding tooth joggle details please look at the attached picture.

High Pressure Suspension Grinding Mill Reducer Introduction:

Reducer is powder grinding mill machine power device, classified according to different type, when new type high pressure suspension grinding mill, configurate to small type belt conveying device, configurate big type grinding mill machine reducer.

I. High pressure suspension mill reducer brief introduction:
Reducer is a kind power transmission device, using gear speed converters, making electric BW type foot board horizontal installed double shaft cycloid pin wheel reducer to get revolution number, and achieve big torque structure. At present, using for transmission power device, reducer is widely. Amost using in all different kinds machinery transmission system.

II. High pressure suspension grinding mill reducer main function:
1. Reduce speed at the same time decrease loading inertia, reduce speed rate squared is inertia amount. As we all know, generally, all the motor have a inertia values.
2. Reduce speed at the same time improve output torque, torque output proportion according motor output multiply reduction ratio, but you should note that it can't exceed reducer rated torque.

III. High pressure suspension grinding mill reducer working principle:
Reducer generally used in low speed big torque transmission equipment, let motor or other high working speed power through reducer input shaft fewer teeth  gear mesh output shaft big gear to reach reduce working speed goal, general reducer also have many pair same principle gear to get ideal reduce speed effect, big gear and pinion teeth number ratio is transmission ration.

High Pressure Suspension Grinding Mill Application:

High pressure suspension grinding mill description:
High pressure suspension mill is a new research and development mill by kefan based on many years powder grinding mill experience, according to the practical situation of the customers, and powder grinding mill industrial needs, which opens a new period of international powder grinding mill industry with high efficiency and low power consumption.

As a widely used powder grinding mill machine: high pressure suspension grinding mill. I think all of us know the basic knowledge of it, today, I'd like to introduce about high pressure suspension grinder application knowledge, hope I can do help to you to know much more about it.

1. High pressure suspension grinding mill applicate in material grinding industrial. No matter media crush raw material or fine grind material, all the process can be finished by high pressure suspension grinder.
2. High pressure suspension mill used in ore beneficiation industrial. During ore beneficiation industrial process, you should grind raw ore to fine powder; While it can not only used for pre-grinding, but also can mix using with ball to powder grind raw ore.
3. The machine suitable used in oxidation ball block industrial. as high pressure suspension grinder significant technology advantages, so, it can completely replace powder grinding mill machine used in oxidation ball block industrial.
4. High pressure suspension grinding mill used in construction material industrial. According to the date, it's used to deal with cement clinker, bauxite and limestone and other materials powder grinding process.

Raymond grinding mill feeding system and grinding system composition:

Raymond grinding mill main contain feeding system and grinding system. Raymond grinding mill automatic feeding system structure constitute: feeding roller(split rolls and quantitative rolls), material bridge and mobile feeding door and other structure. It's main function is making raw material uniform distribution along with quantitative rolls contact length and material thickness is uniform distribution on the whole length. Feeding materials through split roller appear uniform thin curtain condition falling and feeding to the grinding area. Raymond grinding mill feeding driving motor, select three-phase exchange permanent magnet low speed synchronous motors. Power is 400w, max. torque is 40Nm, synchronous speed is 60r/m(50Hz).

Feeding rolls speed testing: raymond grinding mill automatic control system, feeding rolls speed range is from 30r/min to 300 r/min, lower speed testing method can adopt measuring cycle method. Feeding rolls speed adjust good or not effect whether feeding rollers can uniform feeding or not, at the same time, determined whether raw material flow layer along the whole grinding rolls length thickness. Only when feeding roll adjust to the certain speed, we can make sure raymond grinding mill stable working, otherwise it will effect the production capacity, products quality and lead to the machine unnecessary damage. Feeding effect factors: 1. feeding roller tooth type and feeding rolls working speed; 2. feeding capacity automatic adjust function.

Raymond grinding mill process flyash make clients get high profit:

Flyash is coal-fired power plants discharged main solid waste material, it's coal-fired smoke collected fine dust, but these fine dust can completely through raymond grinding mill process and utilization again, make resource recycle using. Flyash can be used as cement, concrete and aac block raw material. Add flyash to concrete can improve concrete quality. So, flyash is these basic facility good material. After flyash collected, through raymond grinding mill grinded to fine powder, then it can be utilizated. Simple working process and can make high profit for clients.

With urbanization each basic construction fast speed development, cement, concrete and these raw material requirements large amount. This indicates that flyash has also very big utilization valuable, when our company many clients purchase raymond grinding mill, main used for deal with flyash, according our clients, outlet products with high profit, many of our clients are old customers, if without satisfactory harvest, how can they continue increase equipment, expand production?

Raymond grinding mill is one of kefan machinery flagship product, kefan has already researched raymond grinding mill for many years, has rich experience on mining equipment each aspect, clients can assured to purchase. Our company has many other heavy type equipments: lime rotary kiln, coal slime dryer, rotary drum dryer, high pressure suspension grinding mill, etc. Sincerely welcome clients to our factory inspect the machine you need.

Vertical grinding mill wearing parts:

Blade, grinding roller, grinding ring are raymond grinding mill wearing parts.
1. Vertical grinding mill blade main used to material continue shovel into between grinding roller and grinding ring. When continue shovel up material, blade bear different quality, hardness material carry out long time contact friction, very easy suffering wear and tear, serious damaged blade can't shovel up material, lead to vertical grinding mill working efficiency suffering a certain degree effect. Thus, raymond grinding mill blade structure majority made by good wear resistance steel, make sure blade achieve the longest using life.

2. Vertical grinding mill grinding roller and grinding ring is the whole equipment wearing parts, after material transported between grinding roller and grinding ring, it will be pressed by grinding roller and grinding ring and rotarion force to achieve crushing function. So, grinding roller and grinding ring not only suffering material friction, but also suffering each other friction force. When grinding roller and grinding ring appear serious abrasion or uneven abrasion, it will effect material fine powder production, appear final products with uneven fineness phenomenon. To make sure final products fineness, vertical grinding mill grinding roller and grinding ring adopt high pressure high toughness wearable steel material, made the machine with much more widely application and for many kinds raw materials have better grinding function.

Raw material effect raymond grinding mill grinding roller tooth number:

Raymond grinding mill gear tooth number has relative to grinding materials size, raw materials feeding capacity and requirements to achieve grinding degree. For example: if raw material with big size, feeding capacity or require outlet products with big size, the machine should configurate less tooth number; otherwise it should configurate more tooth number. Under the same other condition, the fewer teeth grinding rolls, the greater the distance between the two grinding teeth, tooth groove deeper, only suitable grinding big raw material size. If using raymond grinding mill grinding fineness raw material will made raw material insert tooth groove and can't be grinded. The more the grinding roller tooth, the smaller the distance of the grinding tooth, more shallow the tooth groove and only suitable to grind small size raw materials. If using raymond grinding mill grind big size raw material, when feeding capacity is small, raw material size will be grinded too small, when feeding capacity is big, raw material media part won't be completely grinded. Grinding tooth will easy abrasion, low production and high energy consumption.

Raymond grinding mill production proved: compared with more gear tooth, fewer gear tooth will save much more energy, lower grinding temperature, longer grinding roller using life, can adapt high feeding capacity.

Raymond grinding mill structure and working advantages:

Raymond grinding mill is widely used in mine development powder grinding equipment, main composed by main host, analyzer, blower, final products cylone separator, micro-powder cyclone separator and pipeline and so on. Raymond mill main host contain main frame, air inlet volute shell, blade, grinding roller, grinding ring and cover shell.

Raymond grinding mill adopt domestic and foreign same kinds products advanced structure, at big scale raymond mill base update and improve designed. Powder making company autonomous research and development big, media, small scale new type energy-saving vertical grinding mill using modern design method, adopt advanced grinding theory to guide. Grinding roller designed at plum frame center line both side, making grinding roller device under natural balance condition, main host with stable working, low vibration.

Raymond grinding mill main host working chamber grinding roller with small volume, leave many more volume for grinding chamber, blower high pressure air flow capacity flow into more working area,  lead to outlet fine powder have more chance fastly out of main host, flow into cyclone collector, avoid ultrafine powder repeat grinding for many times. That's new type energy-saving raymond mill production capacity high than general three roller vertical grinding mill reason. New type energy-saving raymond grinder only have two rollers, with low working load, compared with the same specification general three roller raymond mill saving 25% energy, production capacity improved 20%.

During further developing, vertical grinding mill with have futher development, to improve the structure and property.

Contact Raymond Mill Supplier For Discount!!!

Raymond grinding mill is a common to process non-metal raw materials, widely used ind cement plant and mineral industrials. It's popular with clients as the high production efficiency and stable working, but raw material hardness, humidity, contents, viscosity will influence raymond grinder working capacity.

Raymond grinding mill advantages:
According to data shows, among the domestic powder grinding machines, raymond grinding mill occupy over 70%. But why? The followings are the keys:
1. Compact structure and reasonable working, small footprint, vertical structure. Can form an independence production system;
2. Compared with other powder grinding mill plants, its final products rate achieve 99%;
3. Raymond grinder main host driving system adopt sealing gearing and pulley, smoothly driving and reliable operation.
4. Low dust pollution, eco-friendly, smoothly working.
5. Electromagnetic vibrating feeder uniform feeding raw materials, easy to adjust, energy-saving, easy to maintain, etc.

Many more details please check our website or contact us for raymond grinding mill discount!!!

Raymond grinding mill using precautions and features:

With the development of science technology and market requirements increases, raymond grinding mill disadvantages become more and more obvious: serious powder dust pollution and huge final products loss, high energy consumption.
Raymond grinding mill together with the dust collecting equipment can obviously avoid the dust and noise pollution during raw material processing. Raymond mill has features of stable performance, high efficiency and low investment, etc.

Raymond grinding mill using precautions:
1. During raymond grinder working process, you can't add oil arbitrary to make sure safety working, when grinding mill machine any spare parts occurs abnormal noise or loading capacity suddenly increase, you should stop working and checking faults, avoid happen serious accident, after discharging excess material inner the raymond grinder then start working, otherwise the machine overcurrent and avoid starting.
2. Before raymond grinding mill start working, you should check whether all the access door tightly sealed or not. Checking whether crusher jaw board gap can meet feeding size requirement or not, adjust analysis machine speed should approximate final products size requirement. Raymond grinder simple working process: elevator --- crusher --- analysis machine --- blower --- main host --- feeder.
3. When raymond grinding mill stop working, you should first stop feeding, main host continue working and grinding residues materil, one minutes later, stop main host motor and analysis motor, stop grinding working, then stop blower motor to blow residual powder. Raymond grinder stop working sequence: feeder --- main host --- blower --- analysis machine.